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Equation 19 · Part 4 · Cognitive Bias Was the Label; Attention Sink Is the Suspect

subtraction

ϕsink=1−SPEMsigmoidSPEMsoftmax\phi_{\mathrm{sink}} = 1 - \frac{\mathrm{SPEM}_{\mathrm{sigmoid}}}{\mathrm{SPEM}_{\mathrm{softmax}}}
subtraction

What this part means

Subtract the following term or group from the preceding one. A leading minus marks a negative quantity.

Its job in the formula

Subtract the following term or group from the preceding one. A leading minus marks a negative quantity.

The passage around this formula

Everything above is a case for treating the architectural account as at least as well supported as the psychological framing. It is not, on its own, a decisive discriminator, and this article’s one genuine contribution is naming and specifying the measurement that would be. Call it the sink-attributable fraction, ϕsink\phi_{\mathrm{sink}} , defined as ϕsink=1−SPEMsigmoidSPEMsoftmax\phi_{\mathrm{sink}} = 1 - \frac{\mathrm{SPEM}_{\mathrm{sigmoid}}}{\mathrm{SPEM}_{\mathrm{softmax}}}. where SPEMsoftmax\mathrm{SPEM}_{\mathrm{softmax}} is Guo and Vosoughi’s own Jensen–Shannon-divergence effect magnitude, measured by their own published protocol, on an ordinary sink-forming model, and SPEMsigmoid\mathrm{SPEM}_{\mathrm{sigmoid}} is the identical measurement on an architecture- and data-matched twin trained with sigmoid attention…

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Addition combines quantities; subtraction measures the signed difference between them. Parentheses show what is combined before the rest of the expression is evaluated.

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Sources cited in the surrounding passage

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