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Equation 19 · Part 3 · Cognitive Bias Was the Label; Attention Sink Is the Suspect

fraction

ϕsink=1−SPEMsigmoidSPEMsoftmax\phi_{\mathrm{sink}} = 1 - \frac{\mathrm{SPEM}_{\mathrm{sigmoid}}}{\mathrm{SPEM}_{\mathrm{softmax}}}
fraction

What this part means

Divide the expression above the line by the one below it.

Its job in the formula

The expression above the fraction bar is divided by the complete expression below it. The denominator must not be zero.

The passage around this formula

Everything above is a case for treating the architectural account as at least as well supported as the psychological framing. It is not, on its own, a decisive discriminator, and this article’s one genuine contribution is naming and specifying the measurement that would be. Call it the sink-attributable fraction, ϕsink\phi_{\mathrm{sink}} , defined as ϕsink=1−SPEMsigmoidSPEMsoftmax\phi_{\mathrm{sink}} = 1 - \frac{\mathrm{SPEM}_{\mathrm{sigmoid}}}{\mathrm{SPEM}_{\mathrm{softmax}}}. where SPEMsoftmax\mathrm{SPEM}_{\mathrm{softmax}} is Guo and Vosoughi’s own Jensen–Shannon-divergence effect magnitude, measured by their own published protocol, on an ordinary sink-forming model, and SPEMsigmoid\mathrm{SPEM}_{\mathrm{sigmoid}} is the identical measurement on an architecture- and data-matched twin trained with sigmoid attention…

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Learn the underlying idea

A fraction a/b means a divided by b. The top number is the numerator; the bottom number is the denominator, and it cannot be zero.

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Sources cited in the surrounding passage

These citations provide research context; check each source for the exact claim it supports.