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Equation 17 · Part 2 · AI Memory Systems and the Bandwidth Wall in 2035: Scenarios, Signals, and Falsifiable Predictions

Symbol d_h

Hkv⋅dhH_{\mathrm{kv}} \cdot d_h
dhd_h

What this part means

the head dimension.

Its job in the formula

dhd_h is a part of this expression. Its role is fixed by the surrounding article and by the operations shown in the formula.

Where the article explains it

For a model with L layers, HkvH_{\mathrm{kv}} key-value heads, head dimension dhd_h , sequence length S , batch size B , and p bytes stored per element, the cache occupies approximately MKVM_{\mathrm{KV}} = 2 \, L \, HkvH_{\mathrm{kv}} \, dhd_h \, S \, B \, p bytes, the leading factor of two accounting for keys and values together.

The passage around this formula

Peer-reviewed evidence, three different levers. DeepSeek-V2 replaces full multi-head keys and values with a low-rank latent projection — reducing HkvH_{\mathrm{kv}} ⋅\cdot dhd_h to a much smaller compressed dimension — and reports a 93.3 percent reduction in KV-cache size relative to the company’s own prior 67-billion-parameter dense model, while extending supported context to 128,000 tokens [ 15 ] . That shrinks the per-token cost of the equation above. StreamingLLM…

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Learn the underlying idea

A subscript is a label attached below a symbol. It often selects a time step, component, category, or member of a sequence.

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Sources cited in the surrounding passage

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