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Equation 4 · Part 1 · AI Datacenter Interconnects in Practice: An Advanced Technical Guide

Symbol n

nn
nn

What this part means

the participant count — specifically so the resulting number can be compared directly against the hardware’s rated peak bandwidth regardless of how many ranks are in the job [ 2 ].

Its job in the formula

n is a part of this expression. Its role is fixed by the surrounding article and by the operations shown in the formula.

Where the article explains it

The standard instrument for that measurement is bus bandwidth as reported by NCCL’s own test suite, which applies an operation-specific correction factor to the raw bytes-per-second figure — 2(n-1)/n for all-reduce, (n-1)/n for reduce-scatter, all-gather and all-to-all, and a factor of one for broadcast and reduce, where n is the participant count — specifically so the resulting number can be compared directly against the hardware’s rated peak bandwidth regardless of how many ranks are in the job [ 2 ] .

The passage around this formula

…applies an operation-specific correction factor to the raw bytes-per-second figure — 2(n-1)/n for all-reduce, (n-1)/n for reduce-scatter, all-gather and all-to-all, and a factor of one for broadcast and reduce, where n is the participant count — specifically so the resulting number can be compared directly against the hardware’s rated peak bandwidth regardless of how many ranks are in the job [ 2 ] . Tuning without this step produces a common and expensive failure pattern: a setting change that measurably helps…

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Sources cited in the surrounding passage

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