Equation 2 · AI Accelerator Architecture in Practice: An Advanced Technical Guide
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Symbol N
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where N is the device count, is a single device’s measured (not advertised) throughput on the actual workload, is the utilization fraction observed over a representative multi-hour or multi-day window rather than a benchmark’s best run, and A is availability — the fraction of time the fleet is actually up and assigned to the job rather than down for failure, repair, or checkpoint recovery. Treating A as 1 is the single most common capacity-planning error, and it is the one large-scale operators are most explicit about correcting for.
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