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Equation 5 · Part 2 · Advanced Semiconductor Fabrication in Practice: An Advanced Technical Guide

subscript

D0D_0
subscript

What this part means

The lower label selects a particular version, component, or indexed member of the quantity. For example, x₀ and xₜ can be values at different positions.

Its job in the formula

A subscript distinguishes a version, component, step, or member of a quantity. It does not automatically mean multiplication.

The passage around this formula

This Poisson form is known to be pessimistic in practice, because real defects cluster rather than distributing independently across the wafer — a particle-contamination event or a localized etch non-uniformity produces several nearby failures at once, not one failure drawn independently from a uniform background. Models that account for clustering (the negative binomial family, of which Murphy’s model is a well-known special case) generally predict a higher yield than the naive Poisson formula for the same nominal defect density, because clustering means large stretches of the wafer are defect-free even at a defect density that would look damaging if it were spread evenly. Which model…

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Learn the underlying idea

A subscript is a label attached below a symbol. It often selects a time step, component, category, or member of a sequence.

Open the illustrated subscripts: which member of a family? guide →

Sources cited in the article section

These citations provide research context; check each source for the exact claim it supports.