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Equation 1 · Part 9 · Adapters, Native Pretraining, and Unified Tokens: The Main Multimodal Architectures, Compared

addition

θ(t+1)=θ(t)−η⋅1 ⁣[θ∈θbridge]⊙∇θ L(θ(t))\theta^{(t+1)} = \theta^{(t)} - \eta \cdot \mathbb{1}\!\left[\theta \in \theta_{\text{bridge}}\right] \odot \nabla_\theta \, \mathcal{L}(\theta^{(t)})
addition

What this part means

Add the term after the plus sign to the term or group before it.

Its job in the formula

Add the term after the plus sign to the term or group before it.

The passage around this formula

None of these three papers claims the resulting bridge is unlimited in what it can carry. LLaVA’s own error analysis documents a case where the model answers confidently that strawberry-flavoured yoghurt is present in a fridge that in fact contains only yoghurt and strawberries, which the authors read as the model treating the image “as a bag of patches, failing to grasp the complex semantics within the image” [ 1 ] , and they separately note that recognising a specific product brand would require higher input resolution than the system uses. The bridge has a fixed information-carrying capacity, whether it is BLIP-2’s small set of learned query vectors or LLaVA’s single projection matrix,…

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Learn the underlying idea

Addition combines quantities; subtraction measures the signed difference between them. Parentheses show what is combined before the rest of the expression is evaluated.

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Sources cited in the surrounding passage

These citations provide research context; check each source for the exact claim it supports.