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Equation 15 · Part 3 · A Horizon Is a Toll Booth, Not a Loophole

Symbol H

N≤2πℏ(⟨H⟩−E0)tN \leq \frac{2}{\pi\hbar}\left(\langle H\rangle-E_0\right) t
HH

What this part means

H is a part of this expression. Its role is fixed by the surrounding article and by the operations shown in the formula.

Its job in the formula

H is a part of this expression. Its role is fixed by the surrounding article and by the operations shown in the formula.

The passage around this formula

where ⟨\langle H⟩\rangle is the mean energy in the evolving state and E0E_0 is the ground-state energy of H [ 2 , 1 ] . Inverting this gives a maximum rate of orthogonal state changes per unit proper time, 2(⟨\langle H⟩\rangle-E0E_0)/π\piℏ\hbar , and Giovannetti, Lloyd, and Maccone showed that for a periodic evolution this rate integrates cleanly: a system with mean energy ⟨\langle H⟩\rangle-E0E_0 above its…

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Sources cited in the surrounding passage

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