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The passage around this formula

The natural timescale for $t_L$ is the scrambling time, and it is worth deriving in real units rather than only in the abstract. Sekino and Susskind conjectured that black holes are the fastest scramblers nature permits, mixing information across all their degrees of freedom in a time growing only logarithmically with entropy [ 2 ] . Maldacena, Shenker, and Stanford later proved the sharp version of the bound this conjecture leans on: the exponential growth rate of an out-of-time-order correlator, the operational signature of chaos, cannot exceed $\lambda_L$ $\le$ 2$\pi$/$\beta$ for a thermal system at inverse temperature $\beta$ , with a black hole horizon saturating the bound [ 3 ] . Combining a…

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