#diffusion models

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Four adjoining lab benches in daylight, each mid-build on a different way of joining vision, audio and text into one model, none of the four builds finished

Adapters, Native Pretraining, and Unified Tokens: The Main Multimodal Architectures, Compared

Four research lineages solved the same problem — joining vision, audio and text into one system — with four different training recipes. Each recipe holds one cost fixed and lets another float, and the documented trade is an engineering choice, not a hierarchy.

By Brecht Corbeel · August 12, 2026 · 16 min read

A long run of steel archive shelving holding dated kraft-board boxes in a bright research archive, one box drawn part-way off its shelf with a paired photograph and typed caption card sliding clear of its open lid

Foundation Models

A History of Multimodal AI

Before a single model could read an image and write about it, two research communities spent a decade building separate pieces that had to be joined by hand. This is the record of each join.

By Brecht Corbeel · August 12, 2026 · 18 min read

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