Future Hardware
From Origins to Frontier: A History of Post-CMOS, Neuromorphic, Photonic, and Quantum AI Compute
A dated, sourced history of AI's alternative compute substrates: Mead's 1980s neuromorphic engineering, Chua's 1971 memristor theory and HP's 2008 device, the optical-computing stall, NISQ-era quantum learning, and the TrueNorth-to-photonic-AI hardware line.