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r(d)r(d)

Why this formula appears here

Reciprocal rank fusion avoids the currency problem by discarding scores altogether and combining rank positions instead. For a document d and a set of ranked result lists R , with r(d) the rank of d in a given list and a smoothing constant k :

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rr

Symbol r

r is a part of this expression. Its role is fixed by the surrounding article and by the operations shown in the formula.

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dd

Symbol d

d is a part of this expression. Its role is fixed by the surrounding article and by the operations shown in the formula.

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r(d)r(d)

Equation 5 · AI Agents & Systems

What Actually Happens Between a Query and an Answer in RAG

This mathematical expression combines the displayed quantities; its precise role follows from the surrounding article text.

Reciprocal rank fusion avoids the currency problem by discarding scores altogether and combining rank positions instead. For a document d and a set of ranked result lists R , with r(d) the rank of d in a given list and a smoothing constant k :

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