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pi=pp_i=p

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If one makes the deliberately crude assumption pip_i=p , a 98% reliable stage repeated 50 times yields 0.98^{50}≈\approx0.364 . Real agent steps are neither independent nor identically distributed: an early mistake can corrupt later observations, while a test can expose and reverse it. The simple product is useful because it reveals the architecture’s burden. Long tasks require mechanisms that change conditional probabilities after observing evidence , not merely a model with a flattering average.

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pi=pp_i=p

Equation 13 · AI Agents & Systems

Reliable AI Agents Are Control Systems, Not Chatbots

This equation states an equality: the expressions on both sides have the same value under the article’s assumptions.

If one makes the deliberately crude assumption pip_i=p , a 98% reliable stage repeated 50 times yields 0.98^{50}≈\approx0.364 . Real agent steps are neither independent nor identically distributed: an early mistake can corrupt later observations, while a test can expose and reverse it. The simple product is useful because it reveals the architecture’s burden. Long tasks require mechanisms that change conditional probabilities after observing evidence , not merely a model with a flattering average.

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