Symbol k_B
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In 2002, Jan Liphardt, Sophie Dumont, Steven Smith, Ignacio Tinoco Jr, and Carlos Bustamante published “Equilibrium Information from Nonequilibrium Measurements in an Experimental Test of Jarzynski’s Equality” in Science [ 5 ] . They used optical tweezers to unfold and refold a single RNA hairpin molecule repeatedly, at speeds fast enough that the process was thermodynamically irreversible on each individual repetition, then applied the Jarzynski average to recover the equilibrium free energy of unfolding — and found it agreed with the independently measured equilibrium value to within about half of T . This was the first direct experimental confirmation that Jarzynski’s exponential…
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Symbol T
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Equation 14 · Physics
From Origins to Frontier: A History of Stochastic Thermodynamics and Complex Systems
This mathematical expression combines the displayed quantities; its precise role follows from the surrounding article text.
In 2002, Jan Liphardt, Sophie Dumont, Steven Smith, Ignacio Tinoco Jr, and Carlos Bustamante published “Equilibrium Information from Nonequilibrium Measurements in an Experimental Test of Jarzynski’s Equality” in Science [ 5 ] . They used optical tweezers to unfold and refold a single RNA hairpin molecule repeatedly, at speeds fast enough that the process was thermodynamically irreversible on each individual repetition, then applied the Jarzynski average to recover the equilibrium free energy of unfolding — and found it agreed with the independently measured equilibrium value to within about half of T . This was the first direct experimental confirmation that Jarzynski’s exponential…
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