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δR=1×10−11\delta R = 1\times10^{-11}

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A Penning trap does one thing: it holds a single charged particle in a magnetic field strong enough, and a vacuum clean enough, that the particle’s cyclotron orbit can be timed with almost no interference from anything else in the universe. The orbit frequency depends on the particle’s mass. Because that frequency can be compared against a reference ion’s frequency to fractional precision near one part in ten billion, the technique converts an orbital period into a mass measurement of extraordinary accuracy. A 2020 result from the PENTATRAP collaboration, comparing cyclotron frequencies of a highly charged rhenium ion in two internal states, reports a fractional precision of one part in one…

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δR=1×10−11\delta R = 1\times10^{-11}

Equation 1 · Evolutionary Nuclear Physics

The Valley of Stability Is a Fitness Landscape

This equation states an equality: the expressions on both sides have the same value under the article’s assumptions.

A Penning trap does one thing: it holds a single charged particle in a magnetic field strong enough, and a vacuum clean enough, that the particle’s cyclotron orbit can be timed with almost no interference from anything else in the universe. The orbit frequency depends on the particle’s mass. Because that frequency can be compared against a reference ion’s frequency to fractional precision near one part in ten billion, the technique converts an orbital period into a mass measurement of extraordinary accuracy. A 2020 result from the PENTATRAP collaboration, comparing cyclotron frequencies of a highly charged rhenium ion in two internal states, reports a fractional precision of one part in one…

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