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which is smaller than either (1-) or (1-) alone: real, additive protection. But if the two checks share a failure mode — most obviously, if the “second check” is the same model re-reading its own output inside the same context, primed by the same reasoning that produced the mistake — their misses stop being independent, and the joint miss probability climbs back toward : no better than the stronger of the two checks alone, and often worse in practice, because the second pass inherits the first pass’s blind spot along with its confidence.
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Equation 7 · AI Agents & Systems
How Verification Actually Works in a Claude Code Workflow
This mathematical expression combines the displayed quantities; its precise role follows from the surrounding article text.
which is smaller than either (1-) or (1-) alone: real, additive protection. But if the two checks share a failure mode — most obviously, if the “second check” is the same model re-reading its own output inside the same context, primed by the same reasoning that produced the mistake — their misses stop being independent, and the joint miss probability climbs back toward : no better than the stronger of the two checks alone, and often worse in practice, because the second pass inherits the first pass’s blind spot along with its confidence.