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Equation 3 · Part 5 · Why the Physical World Is Harder

superscript

Ptask≈pH.P_{\mathrm{task}} \approx p^{H}.
superscript

What this part means

A raised number can be a power. When it is a label or bound, it selects a case or the upper limit of a sum; the formula’s structure distinguishes these uses.

Its job in the formula

A raised mark can be a power or an index. Its position and the surrounding notation determine which.

The passage around this formula

This compounds badly over long horizons. If a task requires H decisions and each succeeds independently with probability p , the task succeeds with probability Ptask≈pHP_{\mathrm{task}} \approx p^{H}. The independence assumption is generous — real failures correlate, because one slip puts the system into a region where subsequent steps are also more likely to fail — but even the generous version is brutal. For a 300-step manipulation sequence to complete nine times in ten, per-step reliability must be about 0.99965. A per-step reliability of 0.99, which would be an excellent number for almost any perception module, yields a task success rate of roughly five percent. This is straightforward arithmetic rather…

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An exponent tells how a base is used in multiplication. In x³, x is the base and 3 is the exponent: x³ = x × x × x.

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Sources cited in the article section

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