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Equation 23 · Part 2 · Why Cost and Latency Belong in the Evaluation Score, Not a Footnote

subscript

λl\lambda_l
subscript

What this part means

The lower label selects a particular version, component, or indexed member of the quantity. For example, x₀ and xₜ can be values at different positions.

Its job in the formula

A subscript distinguishes a version, component, step, or member of a quantity. It does not automatically mean multiplication.

The passage around this formula

This is exactly why the more careful independent evaluators have converged on publishing the raw triple rather than a single blended figure. Vals AI, an independent third-party evaluator that builds benchmarks for professional domains such as law, tax, and finance, states its position on this directly: “benchmarks often report only accuracy numbers; however, it is important to consider factors such as efficiency, cost, time taken per test, failure modes, and more” [ 4 ] . Its published results report accuracy, latency, and cost as three separate figures per model per benchmark, alongside error bars meant to reflect statistical uncertainty in each one [ 4 ] — leaving the weighting between…

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Learn the underlying idea

A subscript is a label attached below a symbol. It often selects a time step, component, category, or member of a sequence.

Open the illustrated subscripts: which member of a family? guide →

Sources cited in the surrounding passage

These citations provide research context; check each source for the exact claim it supports.