Symbol l_A

The passage around this formula

Make that judgment explicit and it becomes a scalarized score. Choose exchange rates $\lambda_c$ (accuracy points per dollar) and $\lambda_l$ (accuracy points per second of latency), and define $U_{\lambda}(A) = s_A - \lambda_c\, c_A - \lambda_l\, l_A$. This is a legitimate way to rank agents, and it is what most procurement decisions ultimately have to do. But writing it out this explicitly makes the hidden step visible: the ranking that comes out depends entirely on $\lambda_c$ and $\lambda_l$ , numbers that are not properties of the agents at all. A call center with razor-thin per-ticket margins and a research lab doing one-off due-diligence work on a handful of contracts will set $\lambda_c$ at wildly different values, and the two will…

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