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Equation 2 · Where Multimodal Frontier Models Actually Differ, Beyond the Marketing

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ff

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the sampling rate. Read the equation part by part below; each part has a contextual explanation and a link to its mathematical background.

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ff

Symbol f

the sampling rate.

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where, at default resolution, the sampling rate f is one frame per second, each frame costs τframe\tau_{\text{frame}} ≈\approx 258 tokens, and the audio track costs τaudio\tau_{\text{audio}} ≈\approx 32 tokens per second — giving cvideoc_{\text{video}} ≈\approx 290 tokens per second, close to the approximately 300 tokens per second Google documents directly for default-resolution video [ 5 ] . The formula is unremarkable arithmetic, but what it exposes is the real assumption underneath the “native” claim: a single request is billed, and therefore presumably processed, as one combined audio-visual stream, not as a picture track with a separately bolted-on transcript.

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