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Equation 13 · Part 1 · What Open Weights Actually Let You Verify

Symbol s

s′s'
ss

What this part means

the any gap between.

Its job in the formula

s is a part of this expression. Its role is fixed by the surrounding article and by the operations shown in the formula.

Where the article explains it

That does not resolve the equation, but it removes a whole term from it: if the checksums match, θ\theta = θ\theta' is no longer a hypothesis, it is a verified fact, and any gap between s and s' has to be attributed to H ≠\neq H' .

The passage around this formula

…one a vendor states it evaluated. That does not resolve the equation, but it removes a whole term from it: if the checksums match, θ\theta = θ\theta' is no longer a hypothesis, it is a verified fact, and any gap between s and s' has to be attributed to H ≠\neq H' . That is a strictly smaller, more tractable problem — and, as the next three sections show, it is a problem the field has repeatedly been able to solve, which is itself informative about how much of a published number is model and how much is procedure.

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Learn the underlying idea

A variable is a named place for a value. Its letter is a local label: x can mean position in one formula and a data point in another.

Open the illustrated variables: a letter stands for a value guide →

See this notation across published equations →

The article lists its research sources here.