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Equation 6 · Part 5 · What Actually Happens Inside a Very Long Claude Context Window

Symbol C_RAG

CLC∼O(n2⋅d),CRAG∼O(k2⋅d),k≪n.C_{\mathrm{LC}} \sim O(n^2 \cdot d), \qquad C_{\mathrm{RAG}} \sim O(k^2 \cdot d), \qquad k \ll n.
CRAGC_{\mathrm{RAG}}

What this part means

CRC_RAG is a part of this expression. Its role is fixed by the surrounding article and by the operations shown in the formula.

Its job in the formula

CRC_RAG is a part of this expression. Its role is fixed by the surrounding article and by the operations shown in the formula.

The passage around this formula

It is worth being precise about what “just use a longer context” actually replaces, because the alternative is not vague. Retrieval-augmented generation, as originally formalised by Patrick Lewis and colleagues, pairs a parametric model with a separate non-parametric retrieval step: a retriever selects a small number of passages likely to be relevant to a query from a much larger corpus, and only those selected passages, not the whole corpus, are placed in the model’s context for generation [ 14 ] . This publication’s own reporting on retrieval-augmented systems covers that mechanism, its indexing choices, and its failure modes at length elsewhere; the point relevant here is narrower and…

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