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Equation 8 · Part 1 · Variational Evolution: How Quantum Computers Learn Their Answers

Symbol n

nn
nn

What this part means

n is a part of this expression. Its role is fixed by the surrounding article and by the operations shown in the formula.

Its job in the formula

n is a part of this expression. Its role is fixed by the surrounding article and by the operations shown in the formula.

The passage around this formula

The result, now known throughout the field as the barren-plateau problem, is precise and unwelcome. For a parametrized circuit that forms an approximate unitary 2-design — informally, a circuit random enough, or deep enough, that its output statistics resemble those of a genuinely random unitary — the variance of the gradient of the cost function with respect to almost any parameter shrinks exponentially as the number of qubits n grows:

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Learn the underlying idea

A variable is a named place for a value. Its letter is a local label: x can mean position in one formula and a data point in another.

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Sources cited in the article section

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