Equation 5 · Typed Tools: Protocols as an Agent's Action Alphabet
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is the result type : what the caller is told. The second is the side effect : what changed. These two are separate, and conflating them is the origin of most agent unreliability. A tool that returns {"status": "ok"} has a result type carrying roughly one bit while its effect on may be arbitrarily large. The caller — model and harness alike — has no way to verify that the bit is true.
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