Equation 3 · Typed Tools: Protocols as an Agent's Action Alphabet
What does this equation mean?
Read the formula alongside the article passage below. Each part has a deeper page with its role in the equation, the supporting passage and nearby citations.
the result type : what the caller is told. Read the equation part by part below; each part has a contextual explanation and a link to its mathematical background.
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subscript
The lower label selects a particular version, component, or indexed member of the quantity. For example, x₀ and xₜ can be values at different positions.
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What the article says around this equation
is the result type : what the caller is told. The second is the side effect : what changed. These two are separate, and conflating them is the origin of most agent unreliability. A tool that returns {"status": "ok"} has a result type carrying roughly one bit while its effect on may be arbitrarily large. The caller — model and harness alike — has no way to verify that the bit is true.
Sources cited in the article section
These citations give research context. Read each source to check which claims it supports.
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