Equation 1 · Two Different Bets on How to Align a Frontier Model
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the probability. Read the equation part by part below; each part has a contextual explanation and a link to its mathematical background.
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There is a simple reason a single successful transfer matters more than its raw success rate suggests. If one crafted probe defeats a given safety-trained policy with probability p , and successive attempts against it were independent, the probability that at least one of k attempts succeeds is
Sources cited in the article section
- [9] Universal and Transferable Adversarial Attacks on Aligned Language Models ↗
- [8] Frontier Models are Capable of In-context Scheming ↗
- [10] Sleeper Agents: Training Deceptive LLMs that Persist Through Safety Training ↗
These citations give research context. Read each source to check which claims it supports.
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