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Equation 5 · The Valley of Stability Is a Fitness Landscape

What does this equation mean?

A=N+ZA = N + Z

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Inputs and operationsN + Z
Result or conditionA
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This equation states an equality: the expressions on both sides have the same value under the article’s assumptions. Read the equation part by part below; each part has a contextual explanation and a link to its mathematical background.

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AA

Symbol A

A is part of the quantity the equation computes from the expression on the right.

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NN

Symbol N

N is one of the signed contributions combined to compute the quantity on the left.

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ZZ

Symbol Z

the mass number.

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=

=

The expressions on both sides represent the same quantity under the stated assumptions.

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addition

addition

Add the term after the plus sign to the term or group before it.

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What the article says around this equation

The quantity that plays fitness’s role has a name in nuclear physics already: binding energy per nucleon, B(A,Z)/A , where A = N + Z is the mass number. It is the energy that would have to be supplied to disassemble a nucleus into Z free protons and N free neutrons, divided by the number of nucleons, and a higher value means a more tightly bound, lower-energy configuration — precisely the sense in which a fitness function assigns a scalar payoff to a state. The theoretical account of how that payoff varies across the chart is the semi-empirical mass formula, first written down by Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker in 1935 as a liquid-drop model of the nucleus [ 11 ] . In one common form, the…
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The quantity that plays fitness’s role has a name in nuclear physics already: binding energy per nucleon, B(A,Z)/A , where A = N + Z is the mass number. It is the energy that would have to be supplied to disassemble a nucleus into Z free protons and N free neutrons, divided by the number of nucleons, and a higher value means a more tightly bound, lower-energy configuration — precisely the sense in which a fitness function assigns a scalar payoff to a state. The theoretical account of how that payoff varies across the chart is the semi-empirical mass formula, first written down by Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker in 1935 as a liquid-drop model of the nucleus [ 11 ] . In one common form, the binding energy is

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