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Equation 9 · Part 2 · The Token Tax of Giving a Model More Tools

Symbol n

T(n)T(n)
nn

What this part means

n is a part of this expression. Its role is fixed by the surrounding article and by the operations shown in the formula.

Its job in the formula

n is a part of this expression. Its role is fixed by the surrounding article and by the operations shown in the formula.

The passage around this formula

That leaves the second meaning, and it is where the real cost lives. To discover what a server can do, a client still sends a tools/list request, and that response is the full tool catalogue — the same names, descriptions, and JSON Schemas that later get folded into T(n) on every inference call. The specification requires this operation to support pagination: “Pagination in MCP uses an opaque cursor-based approach, instead of numbered pages,” page size is “determined by the server,” and clients “ MUST NOT assume a fixed page size,” with the documentation naming the reason directly — pagination “is especially important when connecting to external services over the internet, but also useful…

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Learn the underlying idea

A variable is a named place for a value. Its letter is a local label: x can mean position in one formula and a data point in another.

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Sources cited in the surrounding passage

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