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The passage around this formula

U is the least discussed term in this accounting and, at fleet scale, sometimes the largest. It can be approximated as $U \approx N_{\mathrm{devices}} \cdot B_{\mathrm{update}} \cdot p_{\mathrm{egress}}$. the number of devices in the fleet, times the bytes pushed to each device per update, times the price per byte of moving that data. Amazon’s published CloudFront pricing states data transfer out to the internet at $0.085 per gigabyte for the first nine terabytes per month in the United States, Mexico and Canada tier, after a free first terabyte [ 14 ] . As an illustrative calculation only, using that public list price rather than any negotiated enterprise rate: a modest 200-megabyte delta update pushed to a fifty-million-device fleet is ten million…

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