Equation 7 · Part 1 · Forty Million Clicks Through One Uneven Door
Symbol R
What this part means
R is a part of this expression. Its role is fixed by the surrounding article and by the operations shown in the formula.
Its job in the formula
R is a part of this expression. Its role is fixed by the surrounding article and by the operations shown in the formula.
Full expression→Symbol R→Article meaning
The passage around this formula
A critique earns the right to be taken seriously only once it can say how large the effect it is worried about would need to be, and Xiao-Li Meng’s 2018 identity for bias in self-selected big-data samples gives a way to say exactly that, using only numbers the paper and its data-availability statement already make public [ 11 ] . For a population of size N with a binary response indicator R (did this person’s data reach the sample) and an outcome Y (their realized value on some Moral-Machine-relevant preference indicator), Meng’s identity relates the sample mean to the true population mean as
Learn the underlying idea
A variable is a named place for a value. Its letter is a local label: x can mean position in one formula and a data point in another.
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Sources cited in the surrounding passage
These citations provide research context; check each source for the exact claim it supports.