Equation 29 · Part 1 · Forty Million Clicks Through One Uneven Door
superscript
superscript
What this part means
A raised number can be a power. When it is a label or bound, it selects a case or the upper limit of a sum; the formula’s structure distinguishes these uses.
Its job in the formula
A raised mark can be a power or an index. Its position and the surrounding notation determine which.
Full expression→superscript→Article meaning
The passage around this formula
This is a DERIVED quantity, not a measurement: it has not been run against real per-country population totals or the actual SharedResponsesSurvey.csv microdata, and no value of for any real country is claimed here. What can be computed honestly, using only the paper’s own reported extremes for n — 101 respondents at the low end, 448,125 at the high end [ 1 ] — is how small would need to be, at illustrative (not dataset-matched) population scales, to produce a cross-country divergence of = 0.1 , a magnitude in the range visible between clusters in the paper’s own Fig. 3b radar plot. For a nation of order 10^{6} residents sampled at n=101 : f …
Learn the underlying idea
An exponent tells how a base is used in multiplication. In x³, x is the base and 3 is the exponent: x³ = x × x × x.
Open the illustrated exponents: repeated multiplication and powers guide →
Sources cited in the surrounding passage
These citations provide research context; check each source for the exact claim it supports.