Equation 20 · Part 3 · Forty Million Clicks Through One Uneven Door
Symbol sigma_Y
What this part means
the outcome’s population standard deviation.
Its job in the formula
sigm occurs below the fraction bar. The quantity above the bar is divided by this expression; zero is excluded as a denominator.
Full expression→Symbol sigma_Y→Article meaning
Where the article explains it
For a population of size N with a binary response indicator R (did this person’s data reach the sample) and an outcome Y (their realized value on some Moral-Machine-relevant preference indicator), Meng’s identity relates the sample mean to the true population mean as - = \, , where is the “data defect correlation” between selection and outcome across the full population, f = n/N is the sampling fraction, and is the outcome’s population standard deviation.
The passage around this formula
Solving for the minimum defect correlation needed to produce a given bias , and taking the most generous possible bound for a roughly binary preference indicator, 0.5 , gives what this article calls, for a specific country c , its Country Selection-Divergence Bound: . This is a DERIVED quantity, not a measurement: it has not been run against real per-country population totals or the actual SharedResponsesSurvey.csv microdata,…
Learn the underlying idea
A subscript is a label attached below a symbol. It often selects a time step, component, category, or member of a sequence.
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Sources cited in the surrounding passage
These citations provide research context; check each source for the exact claim it supports.