Equation 14 · Part 9 · The Hardest Unsolved Problems in AI Agent Evaluation and Reliability

Starting index or lower bound: i=1

\hat{p} = \frac{1}{n}\sum_{i=1}^{n} \mathbb{1}[\text{trial } i \text{ succeeded}],

i=1

What this part means

This label says where the repeated addition, multiplication, or accumulation starts. Read its value or condition together with the article’s description of the index.

Its job in the formula

i=1 appears in the bound of this sum. The bound states where the repeated operation starts, ends, or which values it includes.

Full expressionStarting index or lower bound: i=1Article meaning

The passage around this formula

Write the naive estimate over n independent trials as $\hat{p} = \frac{1}{n}\sum_{i=1}^{n} \mathbb{1}[\text{trial } i \text{ succeeded}]$ . and contrast it with a severity-weighted version,

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Learn the underlying idea

Σ adds a collection of terms. Π multiplies them. The lower and upper labels tell you which terms belong to the collection.

Open the illustrated sums and products: repeat an operation over an index guide →

Sources cited in the article section

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