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Equation 14 · Part 5 · The Hardest Unsolved Problems in AI Agent Evaluation and Reliability

fraction

p^=1n∑i=1n1[trial i succeeded],\hat{p} = \frac{1}{n}\sum_{i=1}^{n} \mathbb{1}[\text{trial } i \text{ succeeded}],
fraction

What this part means

Divide the expression above the line by the one below it.

Its job in the formula

The expression above the fraction bar is divided by the complete expression below it. The denominator must not be zero.

The passage around this formula

Write the naive estimate over n independent trials as p^=1n∑i=1n1[trial i succeeded]\hat{p} = \frac{1}{n}\sum_{i=1}^{n} \mathbb{1}[\text{trial } i \text{ succeeded}]. and contrast it with a severity-weighted version,

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Learn the underlying idea

A fraction a/b means a divided by b. The top number is the numerator; the bottom number is the denominator, and it cannot be zero.

Open the illustrated fractions: division written vertically guide →

Sources cited in the article section

These citations provide research context; check each source for the exact claim it supports.