What does this equation mean?

The staircase structure has a direct consequence for how much of the 510-point budget can ever do anything at all. The number of stat points any single invested value E buys is $\lfloor$ E/4 $\rfloor$ , which equals (E - (E $\bmod$ 4))/4 . Summed across however many stats receive investment, total stat points bought equals (510 - R)/4 , where R is the sum of each individual stat’s remainder modulo four. Since 510 itself leaves a remainder of 2 when divided by 4, R must also be congruent to 2 modulo 4 for every point of the 510-point budget to be accounted for — and the smallest non-negative value satisfying that congruence is R = 2 . Plug that floor into the equation: the maximum number of stat points any spread of a full 510-point budget can ever buy is (510-2)/4 = 127 , full stop, regardless of which six stats receive the investment or in what proportion. Spending the entire budget and ending up with fewer than 127 stat points bought is not a stylistic choice. It is a leak.