Equation 5 · The Economics and Physical Limits of Running AI Agents at Scale
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the add. Read the equation part by part below; each part has a contextual explanation and a link to its mathematical background.
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Add , , and together and a single step is priced — which is exactly what a per-request cost estimate does, and exactly why it understates a loop. The fourth component, the one a single-step estimate cannot see, is everything the step has to carry forward from every step before it.
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