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Equation 1 · Ten Ways Mechanistic Interpretability Research Can Mislead You

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kk

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kk

Symbol k

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Put simply: if a search evaluates k candidate directions against a validation check, and each candidate independently has a small probability α\alpha of appearing to pass that check purely by chance — because it happens to correlate with the labeled examples used to test it — then the probability that the search turns up at least one apparent “finding” is

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