Equation 4 · Ten Ways an Agent Evaluation Can Mislead You Even When It's Working Correctly
What does this equation mean?
Read the formula alongside the article passage below. Each part has a deeper page with its role in the equation, the supporting passage and nearby citations.
This mathematical expression combines the displayed quantities; its precise role follows from the surrounding article text. Read the equation part by part below; each part has a contextual explanation and a link to its mathematical background.
Read it piece by piece
Symbol varepsilon
varepsilon is a part of this expression. Its role is fixed by the surrounding article and by the operations shown in the formula.
How to interpret it
Read this expression with the definitions, units, and assumptions supplied by the article.
What the article says around this equation
for some error term uncorrelated with U , then selecting the run with the highest M selects simultaneously for high U and for large favorable — the optimizer is drawn toward the tail of the error term as reliably as toward genuine capability, and the more intensely M is optimized, the larger a share of the observed gain is rather than U .
Sources cited in the article section
- [2] 'Improving ratings': audit in the British University system ↗
- [1] Categorizing Variants of Goodhart's Law ↗
- [3] SWE-Bench+: Enhanced Coding Benchmark for LLMs ↗
These citations give research context. Read each source to check which claims it supports.
Return to Ten Ways an Agent Evaluation Can Mislead You Even When It's Working Correctly