Equation 18 · Part 8 · Ten Ways an Agent Evaluation Can Mislead You Even When It's Working Correctly
subscript
subscript
What this part means
The lower label selects a particular version, component, or indexed member of the quantity. For example, x₀ and xₜ can be values at different positions.
Its job in the formula
A subscript distinguishes a version, component, step, or member of a quantity. It does not automatically mean multiplication.
Full expression→subscript→Article meaning
The passage around this formula
5. Non-independence between repeated trials. The confidence-interval formula above assumes each trial is independent of the others, and that assumption is often false in ways that specifically inflate confidence. Miller’s paper measures this directly: several widely used evaluation sets draw multiple questions from a shared context — several questions about the same passage, several sub-tasks from the same underlying scenario — and properly accounting for that clustering, rather than treating every question as its own independent draw, produced clustered standard errors “over 3x larger than naive standard errors” on the affected evals [ 8 ] . The general relationship is the one long used in…
Learn the underlying idea
A subscript is a label attached below a symbol. It often selects a time step, component, category, or member of a sequence.
Open the illustrated subscripts: which member of a family? guide →
Sources cited in the surrounding passage
- [8] Adding Error Bars to Evals: A Statistical Approach to Language Model Evaluations ↗
- [13] τ-bench: A Benchmark for Tool-Agent-User Interaction in Real-World Domains ↗
These citations provide research context; check each source for the exact claim it supports.