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Equation 8 · Part 1 · Retrieval Is an Evidence System, Not a Memory

Symbol Z_k

Zk(x)\mathcal{Z}_k(x)
Zk\mathcal{Z}_k

What this part means

ZkZ_k is a part of this expression. Its role is fixed by the surrounding article and by the operations shown in the formula.

Its job in the formula

ZkZ_k is a part of this expression. Its role is fixed by the surrounding article and by the operations shown in the formula.

The passage around this formula

Read the structure rather than the arithmetic. The generator is never conditioned on the corpus. It is conditioned on z — one span, or a handful — and its output distribution is a weighted account of what those spans support. Everything outside Zk(x)\mathcal{Z}_k(x) has probability zero of influencing the answer, and the system has no representation of what it excluded. REALM made the same commitment on the training side, learning a latent retriever end-to-end so that the model attends over documents drawn from a corpus at pretraining, fine-tuning and inference time, and reporting 4–16% absolute gains on open-domain question answering over prior methods [ 2 ] .

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A subscript is a label attached below a symbol. It often selects a time step, component, category, or member of a sequence.

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