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Equation 7 · The Physical Economics of Inference: Bandwidth, Energy, and the Limits of a Datacenter

What does this equation mean?

B(b,s)≈Np+b Mkv(s),B(b,s) \approx Np + b\,M_{\mathrm{kv}}(s),

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This equation gives an approximation: it relates the quantities while allowing an approximation. Read the equation part by part below; each part has a contextual explanation and a link to its mathematical background.

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BB

Symbol B

B is a part of this expression. Its role is fixed by the surrounding article and by the operations shown in the formula.

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bb

Symbol b

b is a part of this expression. Its role is fixed by the surrounding article and by the operations shown in the formula.

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ss

Symbol s

therefore approximately [displayed formula].

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NN

Symbol N

N is a part of this expression. Its role is fixed by the surrounding article and by the operations shown in the formula.

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pp

Symbol p

p is a part of this expression. Its role is fixed by the surrounding article and by the operations shown in the formula.

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MkvM_{\mathrm{kv}}

Symbol M_kv

MkM_kv is a part of this expression. Its role is fixed by the surrounding article and by the operations shown in the formula.

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≈

≈

Approximately equal to; the equality is not exact.

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addition

addition

Add the term after the plus sign to the term or group before it.

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subscript

subscript

The lower label selects a particular version, component, or indexed member of the quantity. For example, x₀ and xₜ can be values at different positions.

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How to interpret it

Its accuracy depends on the assumptions and range of use described in the article.

What the article says around this equation

read in full every step for every active request. Total bytes moved per step across a batch of b requests at sequence length s is therefore approximately B(b,s)≈Np+b Mkv(s)B(b,s) \approx Np + b\,M_{\mathrm{kv}}(s). and the achievable step rate is B divided into the device’s usable bandwidth. Two things follow immediately.

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