Equation 8 · Part 4 · OpenAI Model Systems from First Principles: Weights, Post-Training, and Inference Compute
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What this part means
Approximately equal to; the equality is not exact.
Its job in the formula
Approximately equal to; the equality is not exact.
Full expression→≈→Article meaning
The passage around this formula
Pretraining compute for a dense transformer is well approximated by . with N parameters and D training tokens, the factor of six counting the forward and backward passes. Empirically, test loss falls as a power law in each of parameters, data, and compute over many orders of magnitude, a relationship first characterised systematically by Kaplan and colleagues [ 5 ] . The important structural feature is the functional form: a term of the shape
Learn the underlying idea
A variable is a named place for a value. Its letter is a local label: x can mean position in one formula and a data point in another.
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Sources cited in the surrounding passage
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