Equation 41 · OpenAI Model Systems from First Principles: Weights, Post-Training, and Inference Compute
What does this equation mean?
Read the formula alongside the article passage below. Each part has a deeper page with its role in the equation, the supporting passage and nearby citations.
This mathematical expression combines the displayed quantities; its precise role follows from the surrounding article text. Read the equation part by part below; each part has a contextual explanation and a link to its mathematical background.
Read it piece by piece
Symbol b
b is a part of this expression. Its role is fixed by the surrounding article and by the operations shown in the formula.
How to interpret it
Read this expression with the definitions, units, and assumptions supplied by the article.
What the article says around this equation
Compare at matched cost or matched latency, not matched name. Since capability is a curve in b , the honest comparison places two systems at equal spend and asks which produces more, or fixes a quality bar and asks which reaches it for less.
For background, read the article’s source list.
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