Equation 39 · OpenAI Model Systems from First Principles: Weights, Post-Training, and Inference Compute
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the weights. Read the equation part by part below; each part has a contextual explanation and a link to its mathematical background.
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with weights , reasoning effort e , prompt and decoding configuration , evaluation harness , serving stack , and date t . A published number fixes s and usually reports only part of and t . The system is underdetermined : many configurations produce the same score, and the same configuration produces different scores on different dates.
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