Equation 13 · Part 1 · OpenAI Model Systems from First Principles: Weights, Post-Training, and Inference Compute
Symbol N
What this part means
N is a part of this expression. Its role is fixed by the surrounding article and by the operations shown in the formula.
Its job in the formula
N is a part of this expression. Its role is fixed by the surrounding article and by the operations shown in the formula.
Full expression→Symbol N→Article meaning
The passage around this formula
has an irreducible floor and diminishing returns above it. Doubling N buys a fixed decrement in loss, not a fixed multiple of capability.
Learn the underlying idea
A variable is a named place for a value. Its letter is a local label: x can mean position in one formula and a data point in another.
Open the illustrated variables: a letter stands for a value guide →
See this notation across published equations →
Sources cited in the article section
- [4] Attention Is All You Need ↗
- [5] Scaling Laws for Neural Language Models ↗
- [6] Training Compute-Optimal Large Language Models ↗
These citations provide research context; check each source for the exact claim it supports.