Equation 50 · OpenAI Codex as a Software-Engineering System: Models, Harnesses, and Evidence
What does this equation mean?
Read the formula alongside the article passage below. Each part has a deeper page with its role in the equation, the supporting passage and nearby citations.
This mathematical expression combines the displayed quantities; its precise role follows from the surrounding article text. Read the equation part by part below; each part has a contextual explanation and a link to its mathematical background.
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Symbol P
P is a part of this expression. Its role is fixed by the surrounding article and by the operations shown in the formula.
How to interpret it
Read this expression with the definitions, units, and assumptions supplied by the article.
What the article says around this equation
where D is the task distribution, M the model snapshot, H the harness, B the inference and retry budget, P permissions, X the execution environment, V verification, and the evaluation date. Omitting any of these makes reproduction or comparison weaker.
Sources cited in the article section
- [1] Evaluating Large Language Models Trained on Code ↗
- [11] SWE-agent: Agent-Computer Interfaces Enable Automated Software Engineering ↗
- [3] Introducing GPT-5.3-Codex ↗
- [12] Measuring AI Ability to Complete Long Software Tasks ↗
These citations give research context. Read each source to check which claims it supports.
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