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Equation 39 · OpenAI Codex as a Software-Engineering System: Models, Harnesses, and Evidence

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jj

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where LjL_j is latency, CjC_j is direct and review cost, RjR_j is reproducibility loss, and SjS_j is security exposure for surface j . The coefficients depend on the task. A one-line local refactor and a six-hour repository migration should not automatically use the same execution arrangement.

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