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Equation 14 · Part 8 · OpenAI Codex as a Software-Engineering System: Models, Harnesses, and Evidence

subscript

ak∼πθ(a∣o≤k,g,hk).a_k \sim \pi_{\theta}(a\mid o_{\le k},g,h_k).
subscript

What this part means

The lower label selects a particular version, component, or indexed member of the quantity. For example, x₀ and xₜ can be values at different positions.

Its job in the formula

A subscript distinguishes a version, component, step, or member of a quantity. It does not automatically mean multiplication.

The passage around this formula

At an agent step k , a model receives an observation history o≤ko_{\le k} , task goal g , and harness state hkh_k , then proposes an action: ak∼πθ(a∣o≤k,g,hk)a_k \sim \pi_{\theta}(a\mid o_{\le k},g,h_k). The action might request a file read, search, patch, shell command, test, browser interaction, or delegation. It is not yet an environmental transition. The harness parses the proposal, checks that it matches an available tool schema, applies policy, executes permitted operations, and converts results into the next observation.

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Learn the underlying idea

A subscript is a label attached below a symbol. It often selects a time step, component, category, or member of a sequence.

Open the illustrated subscripts: which member of a family? guide →

Sources cited in the article section

These citations provide research context; check each source for the exact claim it supports.