Equation 5 · One Model, Many Modalities: What Multimodal Systems Actually Share
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Symbol B
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Alignment is the step that made cross-modal retrieval work, and it has an unusually clean formulation. Contrastive language–image pretraining takes a batch of B image–text pairs, encodes each side separately into a normalised vector, and trains both encoders so that matched pairs score higher than mismatched ones. In its softmax form the objective is
Sources cited in the article section
- [1] Learning Transferable Visual Models From Natural Language Supervision ↗
- [6] Sigmoid Loss for Language Image Pre-Training ↗
- [15] When and why vision-language models behave like bags-of-words, and what to do about it? ↗
- [14] Winoground: Probing Vision and Language Models for Visio-Linguistic Compositionality ↗
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