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Equation 7 · Part 1 · Mathematics, Proof, and Scientific Computation in 2035: Scenarios, Signals, and Falsifiable Predictions

Symbol kappa

κ(A)\kappa(A)
κ\kappa

What this part means

kappa is a part of this expression. Its role is fixed by the surrounding article and by the operations shown in the formula.

Its job in the formula

kappa is a part of this expression. Its role is fixed by the surrounding article and by the operations shown in the formula.

The passage around this formula

If κ(A)\kappa(A) is large, small errors in the input data or in floating-point rounding can produce large errors in the computed solution, independent of which algorithm is used to solve the system — a property of the problem, not the solver. Bringing formal verification to numerical software means…

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Learn the underlying idea

A function assigns an output to each allowed input. The expression f(x) means “apply f to x”.

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Sources cited in the article section

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